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OBJECTIVE To establish the method for the content determination of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural （5-HMF） in glucosamine hydrochloride tablets， and to analyze its regularity and influential factors. METHODS Quantitative analysis of 5-HMF was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography. The analysis was conducted on Shim-pack GIST C18-AQ column with mobile phase consisted of 0.1% phosphoric acid solution-methanol （90∶10， V/V） at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The column temperature was 30 ℃， and detection wavelength was 284 nm. The injection volume was 20 μL. Reaction kinetics test of different temperatures was adopted to analyze the relationship of 5-HMF content with reaction temperature and reaction time， and utilized to build its formation kinetic model. RESULTS The linger range of 5-HMF was 0.057-5.698 μg/mL （r＝0.999 9）. The limits of detection and quantitation were 5.70 and 17.09 ng/mL； RSDs of precision， repeatability and stability （24 h） tests were all lower than 1.0% （n＝6）. The average recoveries ranged from 99.38% to 99.73%（RSD＝0.53%， n＝9）. The contents of the 5-HMF in 8 batches of samples ranged 4.10-35.13 μg/g. Results of data fitting in reaction kinetics test showed that the higher reaction temperature and the longer reaction time， the higher 5-HMF content in the sample. At 50， 60， 70 and 80 ℃ ， the relationship between the content of 5-HMF and the reaction time was linear， in accordance with a zero-order kinetic model. The reaction rate constants were 6.789， 7.715， 8.815 and 11.430， respectively. CONCLUSIONS The established method has strong specificity， high sensitivity， and good accuracy； the reaction temperature and reaction time are important influential factors for the formation of 5-HMF in glucosamine hydrochloride tables. The change rule of its content conforms to the zero-order kinetic model.
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Objective To investigate the clinical effects and complications of different period cranioplasty after decompressive craniectomy in patients with craniocerebral injury.Methods The clinical data of 96 craniocerebral injury patients who had underwent decompressive craniectomy in the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College from January 2014 to January 2018 were retrospectively analyzed.According to the different time of cranioplasty,the patients were divided into early group and routine group.In the early group,50 patients received cranioplasty between 1.5 to 3.0 months after decompressive craniectomy;while in the conventional group,46 patients received cranioplasty between 3.1 to 6.0 months after decompressive craniectomy.The complications after cranioplasty were observed in 2 groups,and Glasgow outcome score (GOS) and Karnofsky performance score (KPS) before cranioplasty and 3,6 and 12 months after cranioplasty were recorded.Results There were no statistical difference in delayed wound healing,subcutaneous hydrops,incision infection,hydrocephalus,intracranial hemorrhage and total incidence of complications between 2 groups (P ＞ 0.05).However,the incidence of postoperative epilepsy in early group was significantly lower than that in routine group:0 vs.8.70％ (4/46),and there was statistical difference (P ＜ 0.05).There were no statistical differences in GOS and KPS before cranioplasty between 2 groups (P ＞ 0.05);the GOS and KPS 3,6 and 12 months after cranioplasty in early group were significantly higher than those in routine group,GOS:(3.58 ± 0.64) scores vs.(3.20 ± 0.74) scores,(3.90 ± 0.58) scores vs.(3.61 ± 0.61) scores and (4.22 ± 0.55) scores vs.(3.98 ± 0.45) scores;KPS:(56.20 ± 8.55) scores vs.(52.17 ± 7.86) scores,(68.40 ± 9.12) scores vs.(63.91 ± 10.22) scores and (75.20 ± 9.31) scores vs.(70.43 ± 10.53) scores,and there were statistical differences (P＜0.01 or ＜0.05).Conclusions Early cranioplasty after decompressive craniectomy in patients with craniocerebral injury can not only reduce the incidence of postoperative epilepsy,but also be more conducive to the recovery of postoperative neurological function and improve the prognosis of patients.
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Objective@#To investigate the clinical effects and complications of different period cranioplasty after decompressive craniectomy in patients with craniocerebral injury.@*Methods@#The clinical data of 96 craniocerebral injury patients who had underwent decompressive craniectomy in the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College from January 2014 to January 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the different time of cranioplasty, the patients were divided into early group and routine group. In the early group, 50 patients received cranioplasty between 1.5 to 3.0 months after decompressive craniectomy; while in the conventional group, 46 patients received cranioplasty between 3.1 to 6.0 months after decompressive craniectomy. The complications after cranioplasty were observed in 2 groups, and Glasgow outcome score (GOS) and Karnofsky performance score (KPS) before cranioplasty and 3, 6 and 12 months after cranioplasty were recorded.@*Results@#There were no statistical difference in delayed wound healing, subcutaneous hydrops, incision infection, hydrocephalus, intracranial hemorrhage and total incidence of complications between 2 groups (P>0.05). However, the incidence of postoperative epilepsy in early group was significantly lower than that in routine group: 0 vs. 8.70% (4/46), and there was statistical difference (P<0.05). There were no statistical differences in GOS and KPS before cranioplasty between 2 groups (P>0.05); the GOS and KPS 3, 6 and 12 months after cranioplasty in early group were significantly higher than those in routine group, GOS: (3.58 ± 0.64) scores vs. (3.20 ± 0.74) scores, (3.90 ± 0.58) scores vs. (3.61 ± 0.61) scores and (4.22 ± 0.55) scores vs. (3.98 ± 0.45) scores; KPS: (56.20 ± 8.55) scores vs. (52.17 ± 7.86) scores, (68.40 ± 9.12) scores vs. (63.91 ± 10.22) scores and (75.20 ± 9.31) scores vs. (70.43 ± 10.53) scores, and there were statistical differences (P<0.01 or <0.05).@*Conclusions@#Early cranioplasty after decompressive craniectomy in patients with craniocerebral injury can not only reduce the incidence of postoperative epilepsy, but also be more conducive to the recovery of postoperative neurological function and improve the prognosis of patients.
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Objective To investigate the expressions of Slit2 and Nogo-A in the ipsilateral hippocampus after cerebral hemorrhage in rats.Methods A total of 64 adult Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats was randomly divided into control and model groups.Collagenase Ⅶ was used to induce cerebral hemorrhage model.Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expressions of Slit2 and Nogo-A in hippocampus at the cerebral hemorrhage side at the time points (24 h,7 d,14 d,and 21 d).Results Compared to the control group,the expressions of Slit2 and Nogo-A were significantly enhanced in model group (P ＜0.01),with the highest level at the 7 d.Conclutions Cerebral hemorrhage can significantly enhance expressions of Slit2 and Nogo-A with a positive correlation of Slit2 and Nogo-A,which might have an important effect on the recovery of brain injury.